Are Personality Traits a Factor in Cognitive Decline in Later Life?

The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology published an interesting article from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a longitudinal study of older Chicago-area adults that began in 1997. The intent of the survey was to determine if personalities affect cognitive decline, and included nearly 2,000 people. 

The study focused on examining the role of three key personality traits – conscientiousness, extraversion and neuroticism – to see if they are a factor in cognitive decline in later life. Researchers say evidence suggests being more conscientious and extroverted may keep mild cognitive impairment at bay longer. Participants who exhibited higher levels of neuroticism increased their chances of cognitive decline. 

The lead author of the study, Tomiko Yoneda, a psychology postdoctoral student at the University of Victoria in Canada, explains, “Personality traits reflect relatively enduring patterns of thinking and behaving, which may cumulatively affect engagement in healthy and unhealthy behaviors and thought patterns across the lifespan.” Extroverted, socially engaged people appeared to have an additional year of dementia-free living; and those who scored high on conscientiousness might have two more years without cognitive issues as compared with those who scored low in conscientiousness. 

While other studies back up these results, scientists agree further studies will be needed. For example, Dr. Richard Isaacson, director of the Alzheimer’s Prevention Clinic in the Center for Brain Health at Florida Atlantic University’s Schmidt College of Medicine, cautions, while “specific traits may increase risk due to a lifetime of behaviors that predispose a person to developing cognitive decline or Alzheimer’s disease, there may be more of a direct biological role related to early disease pathology.” 

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Source: cnn.com/2022/04/11/health/personality-cognitive-decline-wellness/index.html